Design and Analysis of Forward Error Control Coding and Signaling for Guaranteeing QoS in Wireless Broadcast Systems

Broadcasting systems are networks where the transmission is received by several terminals. Generally broadcast receivers are passive devices in the network, meaning that they do not interact with the transmitter. Providing a certain Quality of Service (QoS) for the receivers in heterogeneous reception environment with no feedback is not an easy task. Forward error control coding can be used for protection against transmission errors to enhance the QoS for broadcast services. For good performance in terrestrial wireless networks, diversity should be utilized. The diversity is utilized by application of interleaving together with the forward error correction codes. In this dissertation the design and analysis of forward error control and control signalling for providing QoS in wireless broadcasting systems are studied. Control signaling is used in broadcasting networks to give the receiver necessary information on how to connect to the network itself and how to receive the services that are being transmitted. Usually control signalling is considered to be transmitted through a dedicated path in the systems. Therefore, the relationship of the signaling and service data paths should be considered early in the design phase. Modeling and simulations are used in the case studies of this dissertation to study this relationship. This dissertation begins with a survey on the broadcasting environment and mechanisms for providing QoS therein. Then case studies present analysis and design of such mechanisms in real systems. The mechanisms for providing QoS considering signaling and service data paths and their relationship at the DVB-H link layer are analyzed as the first case study. In particular the performance of different service data decoding mechanisms and optimal signaling transmission parameter selection are presented. The second case study investigates the design of signaling and service data paths for the more modern DVB-T2 physical layer. Furthermore, by comparing the performances of the signaling and service data paths by simulations, configuration guidelines for the DVB-T2 physical layer signaling are given. The presented guidelines can prove useful when configuring DVB-T2 transmission networks. Finally, recommendations for the design of data and signalling paths are given based on findings from the case studies. The requirements for the signaling design should be derived from the requirements for the main services. Generally, these requirements for signaling should be more demanding as the signaling is the enabler for service reception.Siirretty Doriast

Studies on Multi-Device Usage Practices and Interaction Methods

People today commonly have multiple information devices, including smartphones, tablets, computers, home media centers, and other devices. As people have many devices, situations and workflows where several devices are combined and used together to accomplish a task have become usual. Groups of co-located persons may also join their information devices together for collaborative activities and experiences. While these developments towards computing with multiple devices offer many opportunities, they also create a need for interfaces and applications that support using multiple devices together.The overall goal of this doctoral thesis is to create new scientific knowledge to inform the design of future interfaces, applications, and technologies that better support multi-device use. The thesis belongs to the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research. It contains five empirical studies with a total of 110 participants. The study results have been reported in five original publications. The thesis generally follows the design science research methodology.More specifically, this thesis addresses three research questions related to multidevice use. The first question investigates how people actually use multiple information devices together in their daily lives. The results provide a rich picture of everyday multi-device use, including the most common devices and their characteristic practices of use, a categorization of patterns of multi-device use, and an analysis of the process of determining which devices to use. The second question examines the factors that influence the user experience of multi-device interaction methods. The results suggest a set of experiential factors that should be considered when designing methods for multi-device interaction. The set of factors is based on comparative studies of alternative methods for two common tasks in multi-device interaction: device binding and cross-display object movement. The third question explores a more futuristic topic of multi-device interaction methods for wearable devices, focusing on the two most popular categories of wearable devices today: smartwatches and smartglasses. The results present a categorization of actions that people would naturally do to initiate interactions between their wearable devices based on elicitation studies with groups of participants.The results of this thesis advance the scientific knowledge of multi-device use in the domain of human-computer interaction research. The results can be applied in the design of novel interfaces, applications, and technologies that involve the use of multiple information devices

Performing electromagnetic side-channel attack on a commercial AES-256 device

In this paper an electromagnetic side-channel attack on a commercial AES-256 USB-encryption module operating in ECB mode is introduced. In preparation for the attack, oscilloscope, electromagnetic probe with low-noise amplifier and isolated power supply were used together with computer to record 10000 plaintext encryptions. The attack was conducted with the collected plaintext-ciphertext pairs and EM traces corresponding to each encryption. The attack was con-ducted with Correlation Power Analysis method and Matlab software. The power consumption (and thus the EM emission) of the device was modeled using hamming distance metric. The correlation between modeled power consumption and measured traces allowed the extraction of AES round keys one byte at a time. For AES-256 last two round keys (rounds 13 and 14) were needed to complete the key schedule. Finding these two keys allowed to calculate the original secret key from which they were expanded. For successful attack several trials were required to find right measurement setup for oscilloscope and electromagnetic head position. In this attack 30 out of the 32 round key bytes were found using side-channel attack and the two remaining were found using brute force. The device was found to have some kind of backdoor mechanism

Licensed Shared Access Evolution to Provide Exclusive and Dynamic Shared Spectrum Access for Novel 5G Use Cases

This chapter studies the Licensed Shared Access (LSA) concept, which was initially developed to enable the use of the vacant spectrum resources in 2.3–2.4 GHz band for mobile broadband (MBB) through long-term static licenses. The LSA system was developed to guarantee LSA licensees a predictable quality of service (QoS) and exclusive access to shared spectrum resources. This chapter describes the development and architecture of LSA for 2.3–2.4 GHz band and compares the LSA briefly to the Spectrum Access System (SAS) concept developed in the USA. 5G and its new use cases require a more dynamic approach to access shared spectrum resources than the LSA system developed for 2.3–2.4 GHz band can provide. Thus, a concept called LSA evolution is currently under development. The novel concepts introduced in LSA evolution include spectrum sensing, short-term license periods, possibility to allocate spectrum locally, and support for co-primary sharing, which can guarantee the quality of service (QoS) from spectrum perspective. The chapter also describes a demonstration of LSA evolution system with spectrum user prioritization, which was created for Programme Making and Special Events (PMSE) use case

Depth sensors in augmented reality solutions. Literature review

The emergence of depth sensors has made it possible to track – not only monocular cues – but also the actual depth values of the environment. This is especially useful in augmented reality solutions, where the position and orientation (pose) of the observer need to be accurately determined. This allows virtual objects to be installed to the view of the user through, for example, a screen of a tablet or augmented reality glasses (e.g. Google glass, etc.). Although the early 3D sensors have been physically quite large, the size of these sensors is decreasing, and possibly – eventually – a 3D sensor could be embedded – for example – to augmented reality glasses. The wider subject area considered in this review is 3D SLAM methods, which take advantage of the 3D information available by modern RGB-D sensors, such as Microsoft Kinect. Thus the review for SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) and 3D tracking in augmented reality is a timely subject. We also try to find out the limitations and possibilities of different tracking methods, and how they should be improved, in order to allow efficient integration of the methods to the augmented reality solutions of the future.Siirretty Doriast

Depth sensors in augmented reality solutions. Literature review

The emergence of depth sensors has made it possible to track – not only monocular cues – but also the actual depth values of the environment. This is especially useful in augmented reality solutions, where the position and orientation (pose) of the observer need to be accurately determined. This allows virtual objects to be installed to the view of the user through, for example, a screen of a tablet or augmented reality glasses (e.g. Google glass, etc.). Although the early 3D sensors have been physically quite large, the size of these sensors is decreasing, and possibly – eventually – a 3D sensor could be embedded – for example – to augmented reality glasses. The wider subject area considered in this review is 3D SLAM methods, which take advantage of the 3D information available by modern RGB-D sensors, such as Microsoft Kinect. Thus the review for SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) and 3D tracking in augmented reality is a timely subject. We also try to find out the limitations and possibilities of different tracking methods, and how they should be improved, in order to allow efficient integration of the methods to the augmented reality solutions of the future.Siirretty Doriast

Natural group binding and cross-display object movement methods for wearable devices

As wearable devices become more popular, situations where there are multiple persons present with such devices will become commonplace. In these situations, wearable devices could support collaborative tasks and experiences between co-located persons through multi-user applications. We present an elicitation study that gathers from end users interaction methods for wearable devices for two common tasks in co-located interaction: group binding and cross-display object movement. We report a total of 154 methods collected from 30 participants. We categorize the methods based on the metaphor and modality of interaction, and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each category based on qualitative and quantitative feedback given by the participants.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe

Live delivery of neurosurgical operating theater experience in virtual reality

A system for assisting in microneurosurgical training and for delivering interactive mixed reality surgical experience live was developed and experimented in hospital premises. An interactive experience from the neurosurgical operating theater was presented together with associated medical content on virtual reality eyewear of remote users. Details of the stereoscopic 360-degree capture, surgery imaging equipment, signal delivery, and display systems are presented, and the presence experience and the visual quality questionnaire results are discussed. The users reported positive scores on the questionnaire on topics related to the user experience achieved in the trial.Peer reviewe

Depth sensors in augmented reality solutions. – Literature review

The emergence of depth sensors has made it possible to track &ndash; not only monocular cues &ndash; but also the actual depth values of the environment. This is especially useful in augmented reality solutions, where the position and orientation (pose) of the observer need to be accurately determined. This allows virtual objects to be installed to the view of the user through, for example, a screen of a tablet or augmented reality glasses (e.g. Google glass, etc.). Although the early 3D sensors have been physically quite large, the size of these sensors is decreasing, and possibly &ndash; eventually &ndash; a 3D sensor could be embedded &ndash; for example &ndash; to augmented reality glasses. The wider subject area considered in this review is 3D SLAM methods, which take advantage of the 3D information available by modern RGB-D sensors, such as Microsoft Kinect. Thus the review for SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) and 3D tracking in augmented reality is a timely subject. We also try to find out the limitations and possibilities of different tracking methods, and how they should be improved, in order to allow efficient integration of the methods to the augmented reality solutions of the future. &nbsp;</div

Use of wireless communication networks in digitalization of factory environments

[EN] Wireless communications are rapidly taking an important role in factory environment. The current Wi-Fi technologies struggle to meet the requirements of industrial factories, for example with regard to latency and security. The emerging 5G communication networks are the first networks expected to meet such requirements. Private networks are owned by the factories themselves. Private networks can utilize 5G technologies to tailor the networks to meet the exact demands within the factory environment and guarantee that the factories can use the whole bandwidth for their own use. This concurrently increases the data security as the data does not need to be deliveved over public networks. This paper describes the latest developments in 5G with regard to private networks and Industry 4.0, which is the name given to the digitalization, automatization and data exchange trend currently ongoing in factory environments. In this paper we describe a private cellular network we have installed inside a factory building. This network has been trialed with wireless pyrometer measurement data transmission and environmental surveillance of a measurement laboratory. This paper analyses the suitability of private networks for these use cases and discusses in general which applications would benefit the most from private wireless networks.Rautava, T.; Paavola, J.; Hallio, J.; Kalliovaara, J.; Jokela, T. (2019). Use of wireless communication networks in digitalization of factory environments. En Proceedings 5th CARPE Conference: Horizon Europe and beyond. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 147-153. https://doi.org/10.4995/CARPE2019.2019.10050OCS14715